71% of Voters Reject Socialism - Demographics
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| Survey of 1,067 US Likely Voters | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conducted April 30 - May 4, 2025 by Rasmussen Reports and the Heartland Institute | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | Gender | Age | Race | Political Party | In political terms, do you consider yourself very conservative, somewhat conservative, moderate, somewhat liberal, or very liberal? | What is the highest level of education you have completed? | What is your family's annual income? | Which of the following best describes your faith or religious affiliation? | Do you live in a major city, the suburbs, a small city, a town or a rural area? | 2024 Vote | Which of the following do you think is better? A free-market economic system, or socialism? | Trump Approval | How likely are you to vote in the 2028 Democratic Primary, where state elections are held to determine who should be the Democrat candidate for President? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LVs | Men | Women | 18-29 | 30-39 | 40-49 | 50-64 | 65+ | White | Black | Hispanic | Other | Democrat | Republican | Other | Conservative | Moderate | Liberal | Not sure | No HS Diploma | HS Diploma | Some college | College degree | Graduate degree | <$50k | $50-100k | $100-200k | $200k+ | Evangelical Christian | Protestant | Catholic | Jewish | Muslim | Atheist | Other | Urban | Suburban | Rural | Harris | Trump | Other | Didn't vote | Free market economic system | Socialism | Not sure | Strongly approve | Somewhat approve | Somewhat disapprove | Strongly disapprove | Not sure | Very likely | Somewhat likely | Not very likely | Not at all likely | Not sure | ||
| 1,067 | 512 | 555 | 139 | 160 | 192 | 288 | 288 | 736 | 128 | 139 | 64 | 373 | 352 | 341 | 374 | 351 | 296 | 46 | 21 | 214 | 269 | 395 | 155 | 407 | 404 | 208 | 31 | 189 | 211 | 256 | 56 | 16 | 90 | 249 | 331 | 523 | 213 | 480 | 496 | 47 | 38 | 760 | 126 | 181 | 281 | 228 | 102 | 430 | 26 | 558 | 141 | 100 | 196 | 72 | ||
| Total | Gender | Age | Race | Political Party | In political terms, do you consider yourself very conservative, somewhat conservative, moderate, somewhat liberal, or very liberal? | What is the highest level of education you have completed? | What is your family's annual income? | Which of the following best describes your faith or religious affiliation? | Do you live in a major city, the suburbs, a small city, a town or a rural area? | 2024 Vote | Which of the following do you think is better? A free-market economic system, or socialism? | Trump Approval | How likely are you to vote in the 2028 Democratic Primary, where state elections are held to determine who should be the Democrat candidate for President? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LVs | Men | Women | 18-29 | 30-39 | 40-49 | 50-64 | 65+ | White | Black | Hispanic | Other | Democrat | Republican | Other | Conservative | Moderate | Liberal | Not sure | No HS Diploma | HS Diploma | Some college | College degree | Graduate degree | <$50k | $50-100k | $100-200k | $200k+ | Evangelical Christian | Protestant | Catholic | Jewish | Muslim | Atheist | Other | Urban | Suburban | Rural | Harris | Trump | Other | Didn't vote | Free market economic system | Socialism | Not sure | Strongly approve | Somewhat approve | Somewhat disapprove | Strongly disapprove | Not sure | Very likely | Somewhat likely | Not very likely | Not at all likely | Not sure | ||
| 2024 Vote | Harris | 45% | 39% | 50% | 48% | 41% | 44% | 44% | 48% | 40% | 75% | 42% | 45% | 90% | 5% | 37% | 15% | 51% | 77% | 35% | 37% | 35% | 46% | 49% | 49% | 45% | 44% | 45% | 43% | 25% | 43% | 45% | 44% | 58% | 71% | 51% | 47% | 46% | 38% | 100% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 41% | 63% | 51% | 9% | 12% | 47% | 86% | 32% | 66% | 41% | 17% | 11% | 27% |
| Trump | 46% | 50% | 43% | 38% | 48% | 46% | 50% | 47% | 53% | 16% | 43% | 39% | 8% | 92% | 42% | 80% | 40% | 13% | 36% | 44% | 59% | 46% | 41% | 46% | 48% | 45% | 49% | 46% | 69% | 47% | 51% | 38% | 32% | 21% | 36% | 44% | 47% | 48% | 0% | 100% | 0% | 0% | 53% | 23% | 36% | 87% | 80% | 34% | 5% | 48% | 30% | 47% | 67% | 84% | 45% | |
| Other | 4% | 6% | 3% | 5% | 5% | 5% | 4% | 4% | 4% | 2% | 8% | 10% | 1% | 1% | 12% | 2% | 6% | 5% | 9% | 0% | 3% | 5% | 6% | 1% | 3% | 6% | 3% | 8% | 0% | 5% | 3% | 14% | 0% | 4% | 7% | 4% | 4% | 5% | 0% | 0% | 100% | 0% | 4% | 7% | 5% | 2% | 3% | 12% | 4% | 15% | 2% | 5% | 12% | 2% | 18% | |
| Didn't vote | 4% | 4% | 3% | 7% | 7% | 4% | 2% | 2% | 2% | 7% | 6% | 6% | 2% | 2% | 6% | 3% | 3% | 4% | 13% | 19% | 3% | 3% | 3% | 4% | 4% | 4% | 2% | 4% | 5% | 4% | 1% | 5% | 10% | 3% | 4% | 4% | 1% | 8% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 100% | 3% | 7% | 5% | 2% | 4% | 7% | 3% | 5% | 2% | 6% | 5% | 4% | 5% | |
| Not sure | 1% | 1% | 0% | 2% | 0% | 1% | 1% | 0% | 1% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 1% | 0% | 1% | 0% | 6% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 1% | 0% | 1% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 1% | 2% | 1% | 0% | 1% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 3% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 1% | 0% | 0% | 1% | 0% | 0% | 4% | |
| Total | Gender | Age | Race | Political Party | In political terms, do you consider yourself very conservative, somewhat conservative, moderate, somewhat liberal, or very liberal? | What is the highest level of education you have completed? | What is your family's annual income? | Which of the following best describes your faith or religious affiliation? | Do you live in a major city, the suburbs, a small city, a town or a rural area? | 2024 Vote | Which of the following do you think is better? A free-market economic system, or socialism? | Trump Approval | How likely are you to vote in the 2028 Democratic Primary, where state elections are held to determine who should be the Democrat candidate for President? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LVs | Men | Women | 18-29 | 30-39 | 40-49 | 50-64 | 65+ | White | Black | Hispanic | Other | Democrat | Republican | Other | Conservative | Moderate | Liberal | Not sure | No HS Diploma | HS Diploma | Some college | College degree | Graduate degree | <$50k | $50-100k | $100-200k | $200k+ | Evangelical Christian | Protestant | Catholic | Jewish | Muslim | Atheist | Other | Urban | Suburban | Rural | Harris | Trump | Other | Didn't vote | Free market economic system | Socialism | Not sure | Strongly approve | Somewhat approve | Somewhat disapprove | Strongly disapprove | Not sure | Very likely | Somewhat likely | Not very likely | Not at all likely | Not sure | ||
| Trump Approval | Strongly approve | 26% | 30% | 23% | 21% | 27% | 25% | 24% | 31% | 31% | 15% | 20% | 10% | 8% | 56% | 16% | 50% | 15% | 11% | 17% | 48% | 30% | 26% | 24% | 26% | 27% | 24% | 30% | 18% | 40% | 32% | 25% | 25% | 35% | 15% | 17% | 27% | 24% | 31% | 5% | 49% | 10% | 18% | 32% | 17% | 11% | 100% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 19% | 16% | 27% | 57% | 15% |
| Somewhat approve | 21% | 22% | 20% | 23% | 28% | 21% | 26% | 13% | 21% | 14% | 26% | 31% | 10% | 31% | 24% | 29% | 27% | 6% | 20% | 0% | 30% | 23% | 18% | 18% | 22% | 23% | 20% | 16% | 29% | 20% | 25% | 10% | 19% | 13% | 19% | 22% | 20% | 23% | 6% | 37% | 16% | 26% | 23% | 18% | 18% | 0% | 100% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 13% | 41% | 33% | 25% | 23% | |
| Somewhat disapprove | 10% | 9% | 10% | 17% | 10% | 12% | 9% | 4% | 7% | 17% | 13% | 10% | 8% | 5% | 16% | 7% | 10% | 11% | 14% | 20% | 13% | 6% | 10% | 6% | 10% | 11% | 6% | 8% | 9% | 7% | 12% | 11% | 0% | 8% | 11% | 10% | 8% | 13% | 10% | 7% | 25% | 19% | 8% | 9% | 16% | 0% | 0% | 100% | 0% | 0% | 8% | 14% | 15% | 7% | 12% | |
| Strongly disapprove | 40% | 36% | 44% | 38% | 32% | 37% | 38% | 50% | 39% | 50% | 38% | 43% | 72% | 6% | 41% | 12% | 46% | 71% | 31% | 27% | 26% | 40% | 46% | 49% | 39% | 41% | 41% | 50% | 20% | 40% | 38% | 47% | 42% | 62% | 49% | 39% | 44% | 32% | 77% | 5% | 41% | 33% | 36% | 55% | 47% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 100% | 0% | 58% | 29% | 22% | 10% | 36% | |
| Not sure | 2% | 3% | 2% | 1% | 3% | 5% | 2% | 1% | 2% | 3% | 2% | 7% | 2% | 2% | 4% | 2% | 1% | 2% | 19% | 4% | 1% | 4% | 2% | 1% | 3% | 1% | 3% | 8% | 3% | 1% | 1% | 7% | 4% | 2% | 4% | 2% | 3% | 1% | 2% | 3% | 9% | 4% | 1% | 1% | 8% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 100% | 2% | 1% | 2% | 0% | 14% | |
| Total | Gender | Age | Race | Political Party | In political terms, do you consider yourself very conservative, somewhat conservative, moderate, somewhat liberal, or very liberal? | What is the highest level of education you have completed? | What is your family's annual income? | Which of the following best describes your faith or religious affiliation? | Do you live in a major city, the suburbs, a small city, a town or a rural area? | 2024 Vote | Which of the following do you think is better? A free-market economic system, or socialism? | Trump Approval | How likely are you to vote in the 2028 Democratic Primary, where state elections are held to determine who should be the Democrat candidate for President? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LVs | Men | Women | 18-29 | 30-39 | 40-49 | 50-64 | 65+ | White | Black | Hispanic | Other | Democrat | Republican | Other | Conservative | Moderate | Liberal | Not sure | No HS Diploma | HS Diploma | Some college | College degree | Graduate degree | <$50k | $50-100k | $100-200k | $200k+ | Evangelical Christian | Protestant | Catholic | Jewish | Muslim | Atheist | Other | Urban | Suburban | Rural | Harris | Trump | Other | Didn't vote | Free market economic system | Socialism | Not sure | Strongly approve | Somewhat approve | Somewhat disapprove | Strongly disapprove | Not sure | Very likely | Somewhat likely | Not very likely | Not at all likely | Not sure | ||
| Which of the following do you think is better? A free-market economic system, or socialism? | Free market economic system | 71% | 78% | 65% | 55% | 68% | 60% | 75% | 84% | 74% | 61% | 66% | 70% | 67% | 82% | 65% | 84% | 73% | 58% | 44% | 58% | 62% | 69% | 74% | 83% | 67% | 74% | 76% | 71% | 72% | 82% | 75% | 76% | 56% | 67% | 59% | 69% | 75% | 65% | 64% | 81% | 63% | 52% | 100% | 0% | 0% | 85% | 76% | 61% | 64% | 43% | 70% | 58% | 71% | 93% | 47% |
| Socialism | 12% | 10% | 13% | 24% | 17% | 20% | 6% | 4% | 10% | 14% | 23% | 9% | 15% | 6% | 14% | 7% | 8% | 23% | 4% | 12% | 12% | 16% | 10% | 9% | 13% | 10% | 12% | 16% | 8% | 8% | 13% | 17% | 36% | 19% | 11% | 13% | 8% | 19% | 16% | 6% | 19% | 24% | 0% | 100% | 0% | 8% | 10% | 11% | 16% | 4% | 15% | 15% | 13% | 1% | 10% | |
| Not sure | 17% | 11% | 22% | 22% | 15% | 20% | 19% | 12% | 16% | 26% | 11% | 21% | 18% | 11% | 21% | 9% | 19% | 19% | 52% | 30% | 26% | 15% | 15% | 7% | 20% | 16% | 13% | 12% | 20% | 10% | 12% | 7% | 9% | 14% | 30% | 19% | 17% | 16% | 19% | 13% | 18% | 24% | 0% | 0% | 100% | 7% | 15% | 28% | 20% | 53% | 15% | 27% | 16% | 6% | 43% | |
| Total | Gender | Age | Race | Political Party | In political terms, do you consider yourself very conservative, somewhat conservative, moderate, somewhat liberal, or very liberal? | What is the highest level of education you have completed? | What is your family's annual income? | Which of the following best describes your faith or religious affiliation? | Do you live in a major city, the suburbs, a small city, a town or a rural area? | 2024 Vote | Which of the following do you think is better? A free-market economic system, or socialism? | Trump Approval | How likely are you to vote in the 2028 Democratic Primary, where state elections are held to determine who should be the Democrat candidate for President? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LVs | Men | Women | 18-29 | 30-39 | 40-49 | 50-64 | 65+ | White | Black | Hispanic | Other | Democrat | Republican | Other | Conservative | Moderate | Liberal | Not sure | No HS Diploma | HS Diploma | Some college | College degree | Graduate degree | <$50k | $50-100k | $100-200k | $200k+ | Evangelical Christian | Protestant | Catholic | Jewish | Muslim | Atheist | Other | Urban | Suburban | Rural | Harris | Trump | Other | Didn't vote | Free market economic system | Socialism | Not sure | Strongly approve | Somewhat approve | Somewhat disapprove | Strongly disapprove | Not sure | Very likely | Somewhat likely | Not very likely | Not at all likely | Not sure | ||
| Do you have a very favorable, somewhat favorable, somewhat unfavorable or very unfavorable impression of communism? | Very favorable | 7% | 8% | 6% | 13% | 15% | 10% | 3% | 1% | 4% | 14% | 13% | 8% | 7% | 10% | 3% | 8% | 5% | 7% | 7% | 9% | 7% | 6% | 7% | 6% | 6% | 6% | 7% | 9% | 10% | 3% | 7% | 5% | 30% | 7% | 5% | 11% | 4% | 8% | 6% | 7% | 4% | 8% | 6% | 19% | 2% | 17% | 4% | 1% | 2% | 6% | 9% | 8% | 4% | 2% | 4% |
| Somewhat favorable | 11% | 11% | 12% | 25% | 19% | 19% | 6% | 1% | 8% | 20% | 19% | 15% | 13% | 10% | 12% | 13% | 9% | 12% | 5% | 17% | 17% | 10% | 10% | 10% | 12% | 12% | 10% | 5% | 11% | 9% | 13% | 16% | 40% | 8% | 11% | 15% | 8% | 13% | 10% | 12% | 15% | 13% | 8% | 31% | 11% | 7% | 21% | 18% | 8% | 7% | 10% | 29% | 10% | 5% | 8% | |
| Somewhat unfavorable | 16% | 18% | 15% | 23% | 21% | 18% | 14% | 11% | 15% | 15% | 23% | 23% | 18% | 10% | 20% | 11% | 17% | 23% | 15% | 7% | 16% | 18% | 17% | 13% | 16% | 18% | 13% | 22% | 14% | 12% | 19% | 9% | 5% | 20% | 21% | 15% | 17% | 16% | 20% | 11% | 31% | 19% | 15% | 19% | 21% | 6% | 13% | 29% | 22% | 15% | 16% | 20% | 33% | 6% | 18% | |
| Very unfavorable | 57% | 59% | 56% | 23% | 32% | 42% | 71% | 85% | 67% | 33% | 35% | 40% | 53% | 68% | 51% | 65% | 61% | 48% | 29% | 42% | 49% | 58% | 60% | 66% | 54% | 60% | 63% | 50% | 59% | 73% | 52% | 66% | 8% | 58% | 49% | 51% | 64% | 52% | 54% | 64% | 40% | 42% | 68% | 22% | 37% | 67% | 55% | 37% | 59% | 41% | 60% | 31% | 41% | 85% | 43% | |
| Not sure | 8% | 5% | 12% | 16% | 12% | 11% | 7% | 2% | 6% | 18% | 10% | 14% | 8% | 2% | 14% | 3% | 8% | 10% | 44% | 26% | 11% | 7% | 7% | 6% | 11% | 4% | 7% | 14% | 7% | 3% | 9% | 4% | 17% | 7% | 14% | 8% | 7% | 11% | 9% | 6% | 11% | 17% | 3% | 9% | 29% | 3% | 7% | 16% | 9% | 31% | 6% | 12% | 12% | 2% | 27% | |
| Total | Gender | Age | Race | Political Party | In political terms, do you consider yourself very conservative, somewhat conservative, moderate, somewhat liberal, or very liberal? | What is the highest level of education you have completed? | What is your family's annual income? | Which of the following best describes your faith or religious affiliation? | Do you live in a major city, the suburbs, a small city, a town or a rural area? | 2024 Vote | Which of the following do you think is better? A free-market economic system, or socialism? | Trump Approval | How likely are you to vote in the 2028 Democratic Primary, where state elections are held to determine who should be the Democrat candidate for President? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LVs | Men | Women | 18-29 | 30-39 | 40-49 | 50-64 | 65+ | White | Black | Hispanic | Other | Democrat | Republican | Other | Conservative | Moderate | Liberal | Not sure | No HS Diploma | HS Diploma | Some college | College degree | Graduate degree | <$50k | $50-100k | $100-200k | $200k+ | Evangelical Christian | Protestant | Catholic | Jewish | Muslim | Atheist | Other | Urban | Suburban | Rural | Harris | Trump | Other | Didn't vote | Free market economic system | Socialism | Not sure | Strongly approve | Somewhat approve | Somewhat disapprove | Strongly disapprove | Not sure | Very likely | Somewhat likely | Not very likely | Not at all likely | Not sure | ||
| The next presidential election is in 2028. Would you like to see a democratic socialist candidate win the next presidential election? | Yes | 31% | 29% | 33% | 50% | 40% | 38% | 26% | 17% | 25% | 52% | 39% | 41% | 56% | 13% | 23% | 20% | 30% | 49% | 12% | 45% | 37% | 33% | 29% | 24% | 34% | 30% | 26% | 34% | 30% | 22% | 34% | 21% | 36% | 42% | 33% | 38% | 27% | 29% | 50% | 15% | 19% | 14% | 25% | 67% | 30% | 20% | 19% | 31% | 45% | 18% | 44% | 42% | 15% | 1% | 8% |
| No | 46% | 52% | 40% | 30% | 38% | 38% | 51% | 56% | 53% | 22% | 35% | 32% | 17% | 79% | 42% | 71% | 43% | 21% | 19% | 44% | 42% | 45% | 45% | 54% | 42% | 47% | 51% | 47% | 58% | 51% | 46% | 58% | 50% | 35% | 31% | 38% | 49% | 49% | 20% | 71% | 44% | 52% | 55% | 23% | 20% | 76% | 59% | 38% | 20% | 37% | 32% | 28% | 65% | 93% | 32% | |
| Not sure | 24% | 19% | 28% | 20% | 22% | 23% | 23% | 27% | 22% | 26% | 26% | 28% | 27% | 9% | 35% | 9% | 27% | 30% | 69% | 11% | 21% | 22% | 26% | 22% | 24% | 22% | 23% | 19% | 12% | 26% | 19% | 21% | 13% | 23% | 35% | 24% | 24% | 22% | 31% | 14% | 37% | 33% | 19% | 10% | 50% | 3% | 21% | 31% | 35% | 44% | 24% | 30% | 20% | 6% | 59% | |
| Answered by 699 respondents who are likely to vote in the Democratic Primary: | Total | Gender | Age | Race | Political Party | In political terms, do you consider yourself very conservative, somewhat conservative, moderate, somewhat liberal, or very liberal? | What is the highest level of education you have completed? | What is your family's annual income? | Which of the following best describes your faith or religious affiliation? | Do you live in a major city, the suburbs, a small city, a town or a rural area? | 2024 Vote | Which of the following do you think is better? A free-market economic system, or socialism? | Trump Approval | How likely are you to vote in the 2028 Democratic Primary, where state elections are held to determine who should be the Democrat candidate for President? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LVs | Men | Women | 18-29 | 30-39 | 40-49 | 50-64 | 65+ | White | Black | Hispanic | Other | Democrat | Republican | Other | Conservative | Moderate | Liberal | Not sure | No HS Diploma | HS Diploma | Some college | College degree | Graduate degree | <$50k | $50-100k | $100-200k | $200k+ | Evangelical Christian | Protestant | Catholic | Jewish | Muslim | Atheist | Other | Urban | Suburban | Rural | Harris | Trump | Other | Didn't vote | Free market economic system | Socialism | Not sure | Strongly approve | Somewhat approve | Somewhat disapprove | Strongly disapprove | Not sure | Very likely | Somewhat likely | Not very likely | Not at all likely | Not sure | ||
| How likely are you to vote in the 2028 Democratic Primary, where state elections are held to determine who should be the Democrat candidate for President? | Very likely | 52% | 48% | 57% | 41% | 49% | 54% | 51% | 60% | 51% | 66% | 49% | 46% | 83% | 29% | 43% | 36% | 53% | 75% | 36% | 64% | 52% | 52% | 52% | 54% | 50% | 54% | 54% | 55% | 47% | 55% | 52% | 57% | 51% | 67% | 48% | 53% | 54% | 47% | 76% | 33% | 24% | 35% | 51% | 66% | 46% | 39% | 31% | 43% | 75% | 51% | 100% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Somewhat likely | 13% | 10% | 16% | 33% | 17% | 13% | 11% | 3% | 10% | 17% | 19% | 28% | 12% | 11% | 17% | 11% | 15% | 13% | 15% | 3% | 15% | 11% | 14% | 12% | 14% | 12% | 14% | 10% | 14% | 9% | 18% | 7% | 21% | 9% | 14% | 15% | 10% | 18% | 12% | 13% | 16% | 22% | 11% | 17% | 21% | 8% | 25% | 20% | 9% | 3% | 0% | 100% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |
| Not very likely | 9% | 12% | 7% | 16% | 13% | 12% | 6% | 5% | 9% | 9% | 15% | 5% | 2% | 14% | 13% | 13% | 9% | 6% | 7% | 16% | 10% | 7% | 10% | 10% | 10% | 8% | 10% | 12% | 10% | 5% | 11% | 12% | 24% | 7% | 11% | 10% | 10% | 8% | 3% | 14% | 25% | 13% | 9% | 11% | 9% | 10% | 15% | 15% | 5% | 9% | 0% | 0% | 100% | 0% | 0% | |
| Not at all likely | 18% | 25% | 12% | 5% | 12% | 13% | 22% | 28% | 23% | 3% | 8% | 13% | 0% | 41% | 15% | 36% | 14% | 3% | 5% | 5% | 16% | 22% | 18% | 19% | 18% | 20% | 17% | 13% | 23% | 27% | 15% | 16% | 4% | 13% | 15% | 17% | 18% | 22% | 4% | 33% | 7% | 20% | 24% | 1% | 7% | 40% | 22% | 14% | 5% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 100% | 0% | |
| Not sure | 7% | 6% | 8% | 6% | 9% | 7% | 9% | 4% | 6% | 4% | 9% | 8% | 3% | 5% | 13% | 4% | 9% | 3% | 37% | 11% | 6% | 7% | 6% | 5% | 7% | 6% | 5% | 10% | 5% | 4% | 5% | 8% | 0% | 4% | 13% | 6% | 8% | 5% | 4% | 6% | 28% | 10% | 4% | 6% | 17% | 4% | 7% | 9% | 6% | 37% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 100% | |
| Total | Gender | Age | Race | Political Party | In political terms, do you consider yourself very conservative, somewhat conservative, moderate, somewhat liberal, or very liberal? | What is the highest level of education you have completed? | What is your family's annual income? | Which of the following best describes your faith or religious affiliation? | Do you live in a major city, the suburbs, a small city, a town or a rural area? | 2024 Vote | Which of the following do you think is better? A free-market economic system, or socialism? | Trump Approval | How likely are you to vote in the 2028 Democratic Primary, where state elections are held to determine who should be the Democrat candidate for President? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LVs | Men | Women | 18-29 | 30-39 | 40-49 | 50-64 | 65+ | White | Black | Hispanic | Other | Democrat | Republican | Other | Conservative | Moderate | Liberal | Not sure | No HS Diploma | HS Diploma | Some college | College degree | Graduate degree | <$50k | $50-100k | $100-200k | $200k+ | Evangelical Christian | Protestant | Catholic | Jewish | Muslim | Atheist | Other | Urban | Suburban | Rural | Harris | Trump | Other | Didn't vote | Free market economic system | Socialism | Not sure | Strongly approve | Somewhat approve | Somewhat disapprove | Strongly disapprove | Not sure | Very likely | Somewhat likely | Not very likely | Not at all likely | Not sure | ||
| If the Democratic Party's presidential primaries were held today, and the candidates were Kamala Harris, Alexandria-Ocasio-Cortez, Bernie Sanders, and Gavin Newsom, who would you vote for? | Harris | 32% | 28% | 36% | 44% | 36% | 30% | 35% | 23% | 26% | 64% | 29% | 28% | 49% | 15% | 16% | 25% | 32% | 37% | 33% | 41% | 35% | 30% | 35% | 24% | 39% | 33% | 20% | 17% | 29% | 33% | 29% | 32% | 65% | 30% | 37% | 39% | 28% | 30% | 46% | 13% | 0% | 13% | 33% | 27% | 36% | 25% | 18% | 35% | 40% | 15% | 33% | 31% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Cortez | 9% | 9% | 9% | 17% | 15% | 10% | 4% | 4% | 8% | 7% | 17% | 5% | 9% | 8% | 9% | 7% | 6% | 13% | 0% | 9% | 9% | 10% | 9% | 8% | 9% | 8% | 7% | 23% | 7% | 8% | 7% | 14% | 0% | 16% | 10% | 10% | 10% | 6% | 10% | 6% | 28% | 5% | 6% | 24% | 8% | 7% | 7% | 5% | 10% | 24% | 9% | 9% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |
| Sanders | 18% | 18% | 18% | 18% | 19% | 23% | 16% | 14% | 18% | 12% | 23% | 21% | 16% | 12% | 24% | 13% | 19% | 20% | 12% | 5% | 15% | 22% | 18% | 16% | 18% | 18% | 18% | 12% | 17% | 12% | 23% | 13% | 26% | 20% | 17% | 19% | 16% | 20% | 17% | 17% | 34% | 15% | 16% | 28% | 14% | 10% | 21% | 24% | 18% | 27% | 17% | 21% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |
| Newsom | 10% | 15% | 7% | 6% | 9% | 9% | 10% | 13% | 10% | 8% | 14% | 12% | 14% | 4% | 8% | 6% | 9% | 15% | 5% | 0% | 6% | 11% | 11% | 14% | 7% | 11% | 14% | 11% | 4% | 17% | 10% | 16% | 0% | 12% | 7% | 11% | 11% | 7% | 13% | 4% | 6% | 27% | 10% | 10% | 9% | 4% | 8% | 4% | 14% | 6% | 11% | 8% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |
| Some other candidate | 12% | 12% | 12% | 7% | 7% | 10% | 15% | 16% | 16% | 2% | 8% | 8% | 4% | 22% | 20% | 17% | 16% | 5% | 11% | 7% | 13% | 14% | 10% | 15% | 7% | 11% | 24% | 19% | 18% | 14% | 13% | 18% | 0% | 9% | 7% | 7% | 15% | 14% | 5% | 24% | 29% | 6% | 16% | 2% | 6% | 28% | 16% | 7% | 6% | 0% | 12% | 11% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |
| Wouldn't vote | 9% | 9% | 9% | 6% | 5% | 5% | 9% | 16% | 11% | 3% | 4% | 11% | 0% | 26% | 12% | 20% | 9% | 2% | 4% | 20% | 10% | 8% | 8% | 9% | 9% | 8% | 10% | 7% | 19% | 5% | 8% | 8% | 4% | 4% | 8% | 6% | 9% | 11% | 1% | 23% | 0% | 19% | 10% | 4% | 9% | 22% | 16% | 5% | 2% | 10% | 8% | 11% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |
| Not sure | 10% | 9% | 11% | 2% | 8% | 12% | 10% | 14% | 12% | 4% | 5% | 15% | 8% | 14% | 11% | 12% | 9% | 7% | 34% | 18% | 12% | 5% | 10% | 14% | 10% | 11% | 7% | 11% | 7% | 12% | 10% | 0% | 4% | 10% | 13% | 8% | 11% | 11% | 8% | 14% | 3% | 15% | 9% | 6% | 19% | 4% | 14% | 19% | 9% | 18% | 10% | 9% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |
| Total | Gender | Age | Race | Political Party | In political terms, do you consider yourself very conservative, somewhat conservative, moderate, somewhat liberal, or very liberal? | What is the highest level of education you have completed? | What is your family's annual income? | Which of the following best describes your faith or religious affiliation? | Do you live in a major city, the suburbs, a small city, a town or a rural area? | 2024 Vote | Which of the following do you think is better? A free-market economic system, or socialism? | Trump Approval | How likely are you to vote in the 2028 Democratic Primary, where state elections are held to determine who should be the Democrat candidate for President? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LVs | Men | Women | 18-29 | 30-39 | 40-49 | 50-64 | 65+ | White | Black | Hispanic | Other | Democrat | Republican | Other | Conservative | Moderate | Liberal | Not sure | No HS Diploma | HS Diploma | Some college | College degree | Graduate degree | <$50k | $50-100k | $100-200k | $200k+ | Evangelical Christian | Protestant | Catholic | Jewish | Muslim | Atheist | Other | Urban | Suburban | Rural | Harris | Trump | Other | Didn't vote | Free market economic system | Socialism | Not sure | Strongly approve | Somewhat approve | Somewhat disapprove | Strongly disapprove | Not sure | Very likely | Somewhat likely | Not very likely | Not at all likely | Not sure | ||
| If the 2028 presidential election were held today, and the candidates were J.D. Vance and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, who would you vote for? | Vance | 36% | 39% | 33% | 23% | 33% | 32% | 38% | 44% | 42% | 16% | 25% | 25% | 9% | 71% | 29% | 68% | 27% | 8% | 26% | 40% | 37% | 36% | 36% | 36% | 34% | 36% | 43% | 24% | 55% | 42% | 36% | 27% | 12% | 25% | 25% | 33% | 38% | 37% | 6% | 69% | 5% | 24% | 43% | 11% | 22% | 77% | 52% | 29% | 2% | 36% | 24% | 28% | 44% | 78% | 23% |
| Cortez | 33% | 32% | 34% | 44% | 32% | 37% | 28% | 30% | 30% | 41% | 37% | 44% | 60% | 8% | 30% | 12% | 31% | 64% | 15% | 23% | 26% | 32% | 38% | 36% | 34% | 31% | 36% | 24% | 18% | 30% | 36% | 40% | 43% | 49% | 36% | 33% | 34% | 31% | 61% | 8% | 19% | 24% | 29% | 60% | 31% | 8% | 16% | 22% | 62% | 16% | 48% | 32% | 22% | 2% | 18% | |
| Some other candidate | 15% | 15% | 15% | 13% | 20% | 13% | 17% | 12% | 15% | 20% | 13% | 13% | 16% | 9% | 20% | 9% | 23% | 13% | 14% | 10% | 17% | 17% | 13% | 14% | 14% | 18% | 13% | 11% | 11% | 20% | 14% | 8% | 16% | 14% | 17% | 13% | 13% | 22% | 18% | 9% | 38% | 27% | 14% | 18% | 15% | 7% | 16% | 25% | 18% | 5% | 15% | 19% | 15% | 12% | 14% | |
| Wouldn't vote | 5% | 4% | 6% | 10% | 5% | 3% | 5% | 3% | 3% | 7% | 12% | 7% | 6% | 4% | 5% | 4% | 6% | 5% | 4% | 3% | 8% | 5% | 3% | 6% | 5% | 4% | 3% | 22% | 3% | 2% | 4% | 8% | 25% | 8% | 6% | 7% | 4% | 4% | 6% | 4% | 4% | 8% | 5% | 7% | 4% | 3% | 6% | 5% | 6% | 0% | 4% | 9% | 6% | 2% | 8% | |
| Not sure | 11% | 9% | 13% | 10% | 10% | 14% | 11% | 10% | 10% | 16% | 14% | 11% | 10% | 7% | 16% | 7% | 12% | 10% | 40% | 24% | 12% | 11% | 10% | 7% | 13% | 10% | 5% | 19% | 13% | 5% | 10% | 16% | 4% | 5% | 17% | 14% | 11% | 7% | 9% | 10% | 34% | 18% | 8% | 5% | 28% | 5% | 10% | 19% | 12% | 43% | 9% | 12% | 13% | 5% | 38% | |
| Total | Gender | Age | Race | Political Party | In political terms, do you consider yourself very conservative, somewhat conservative, moderate, somewhat liberal, or very liberal? | What is the highest level of education you have completed? | What is your family's annual income? | Which of the following best describes your faith or religious affiliation? | Do you live in a major city, the suburbs, a small city, a town or a rural area? | 2024 Vote | Which of the following do you think is better? A free-market economic system, or socialism? | Trump Approval | How likely are you to vote in the 2028 Democratic Primary, where state elections are held to determine who should be the Democrat candidate for President? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LVs | Men | Women | 18-29 | 30-39 | 40-49 | 50-64 | 65+ | White | Black | Hispanic | Other | Democrat | Republican | Other | Conservative | Moderate | Liberal | Not sure | No HS Diploma | HS Diploma | Some college | College degree | Graduate degree | <$50k | $50-100k | $100-200k | $200k+ | Evangelical Christian | Protestant | Catholic | Jewish | Muslim | Atheist | Other | Urban | Suburban | Rural | Harris | Trump | Other | Didn't vote | Free market economic system | Socialism | Not sure | Strongly approve | Somewhat approve | Somewhat disapprove | Strongly disapprove | Not sure | Very likely | Somewhat likely | Not very likely | Not at all likely | Not sure | ||
| If the 2028 presidential election were held today, and the candidates were J.D. Vance and Bernie Sanders, who would you vote for? | Vance | 36% | 40% | 32% | 23% | 33% | 34% | 38% | 45% | 43% | 18% | 22% | 27% | 9% | 74% | 27% | 69% | 27% | 9% | 23% | 52% | 39% | 38% | 35% | 33% | 35% | 35% | 44% | 27% | 52% | 43% | 36% | 34% | 16% | 23% | 25% | 33% | 37% | 40% | 5% | 70% | 7% | 31% | 44% | 14% | 20% | 77% | 51% | 28% | 4% | 35% | 25% | 27% | 42% | 77% | 25% |
| Sanders | 40% | 37% | 43% | 44% | 39% | 44% | 39% | 38% | 38% | 48% | 50% | 29% | 70% | 9% | 39% | 16% | 44% | 69% | 20% | 25% | 35% | 36% | 46% | 46% | 39% | 41% | 42% | 36% | 25% | 38% | 43% | 34% | 25% | 58% | 46% | 41% | 42% | 33% | 70% | 13% | 32% | 22% | 35% | 65% | 43% | 12% | 24% | 23% | 73% | 16% | 57% | 40% | 22% | 5% | 27% | |
| Some other candidate | 11% | 14% | 9% | 15% | 15% | 10% | 10% | 9% | 9% | 14% | 11% | 28% | 10% | 8% | 16% | 8% | 17% | 10% | 7% | 5% | 9% | 15% | 11% | 11% | 9% | 14% | 7% | 19% | 10% | 10% | 9% | 12% | 34% | 10% | 14% | 11% | 9% | 16% | 13% | 7% | 39% | 13% | 11% | 13% | 10% | 6% | 9% | 29% | 12% | 10% | 9% | 16% | 20% | 11% | 6% | |
| Wouldn't vote | 4% | 3% | 6% | 11% | 6% | 5% | 3% | 1% | 3% | 6% | 9% | 7% | 4% | 3% | 7% | 3% | 5% | 5% | 8% | 7% | 7% | 4% | 4% | 2% | 6% | 3% | 3% | 5% | 3% | 4% | 3% | 1% | 21% | 8% | 6% | 5% | 4% | 4% | 4% | 4% | 5% | 20% | 4% | 5% | 7% | 2% | 5% | 7% | 5% | 10% | 3% | 6% | 9% | 3% | 10% | |
| Not sure | 8% | 6% | 10% | 8% | 8% | 8% | 10% | 6% | 7% | 13% | 7% | 9% | 8% | 5% | 11% | 4% | 8% | 7% | 43% | 10% | 10% | 7% | 5% | 9% | 10% | 6% | 4% | 14% | 10% | 5% | 8% | 20% | 4% | 2% | 10% | 9% | 8% | 7% | 8% | 7% | 17% | 15% | 6% | 3% | 20% | 3% | 11% | 12% | 8% | 30% | 6% | 11% | 7% | 5% | 32% | |
| Total | Gender | Age | Race | Political Party | In political terms, do you consider yourself very conservative, somewhat conservative, moderate, somewhat liberal, or very liberal? | What is the highest level of education you have completed? | What is your family's annual income? | Which of the following best describes your faith or religious affiliation? | Do you live in a major city, the suburbs, a small city, a town or a rural area? | 2024 Vote | Which of the following do you think is better? A free-market economic system, or socialism? | Trump Approval | How likely are you to vote in the 2028 Democratic Primary, where state elections are held to determine who should be the Democrat candidate for President? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LVs | Men | Women | 18-29 | 30-39 | 40-49 | 50-64 | 65+ | White | Black | Hispanic | Other | Democrat | Republican | Other | Conservative | Moderate | Liberal | Not sure | No HS Diploma | HS Diploma | Some college | College degree | Graduate degree | <$50k | $50-100k | $100-200k | $200k+ | Evangelical Christian | Protestant | Catholic | Jewish | Muslim | Atheist | Other | Urban | Suburban | Rural | Harris | Trump | Other | Didn't vote | Free market economic system | Socialism | Not sure | Strongly approve | Somewhat approve | Somewhat disapprove | Strongly disapprove | Not sure | Very likely | Somewhat likely | Not very likely | Not at all likely | Not sure | ||
| The Trump administration is currently in the midst of a "trade war" with China, with each side imposing tariffs on the other. Who do you hope wins the tariff war? | China | 18% | 16% | 20% | 24% | 23% | 21% | 14% | 13% | 13% | 33% | 27% | 22% | 32% | 4% | 16% | 10% | 16% | 32% | 7% | 17% | 22% | 16% | 19% | 14% | 17% | 20% | 16% | 19% | 14% | 14% | 19% | 4% | 28% | 36% | 18% | 18% | 19% | 16% | 32% | 4% | 19% | 23% | 15% | 36% | 18% | 7% | 8% | 10% | 33% | 9% | 25% | 20% | 9% | 2% | 13% |
| Trump Administration | 57% | 64% | 50% | 50% | 58% | 54% | 60% | 59% | 63% | 32% | 49% | 50% | 30% | 88% | 54% | 81% | 53% | 34% | 36% | 49% | 61% | 61% | 53% | 57% | 56% | 56% | 63% | 52% | 70% | 61% | 62% | 66% | 45% | 36% | 45% | 53% | 56% | 66% | 26% | 89% | 47% | 45% | 63% | 44% | 39% | 89% | 82% | 57% | 23% | 48% | 42% | 61% | 78% | 89% | 47% | |
| Not sure | 25% | 20% | 30% | 26% | 18% | 25% | 26% | 28% | 23% | 35% | 24% | 28% | 38% | 7% | 30% | 9% | 31% | 33% | 57% | 34% | 17% | 23% | 28% | 30% | 27% | 24% | 21% | 29% | 15% | 24% | 19% | 30% | 28% | 29% | 37% | 29% | 26% | 19% | 42% | 6% | 34% | 32% | 22% | 19% | 43% | 4% | 10% | 33% | 44% | 43% | 32% | 19% | 13% | 9% | 40% | |
| Survey Demographics | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LVs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gender | Men | 48% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Women | 52% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LVs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Age | 18-29 | 13% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-39 | 15% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 40-49 | 18% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 50-64 | 27% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 65+ | 27% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LVs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Race | White | 69% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Black | 12% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hispanic | 13% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 6% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LVs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Political Party | Democrat | 35% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Republican | 33% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 32% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LVs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Do you live in a major city, the suburbs, a small city, a town or a rural area? | Urban | 31% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Suburban | 49% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rural | 20% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
